1. Zofunikira zopangira mphero kuti azidula zida zina
(1) Kuuma kwakukulu ndi kukana kuvala: Pa kutentha kwabwino, gawo lodula la zinthuzo liyenera kukhala lolimba lokwanira kuti lidulidwe mu workpiece;ndi kukana kwambiri kuvala, chida sichidzavala ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki.
(2) Kutentha kwabwino kwa kutentha: Chidacho chidzapanga kutentha kwakukulu panthawi yodula, makamaka pamene kuthamanga kwachangu kuli kwakukulu, kutentha kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, chidacho chiyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwabwino, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.Ikhoza kukhalabe yolimba kwambiri ndipo imatha kupitiriza kudula.Katunduyu wa kuuma kwa kutentha kwakukulu kumatchedwanso kuuma kotentha kapena kuuma kofiira.
(3) Mphamvu yapamwamba ndi kulimba kwabwino: Panthawi yodula, chidacho chiyenera kupirira kwambiri, choncho chidacho chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mwinamwake ndizosavuta kuswa ndi kuwonongeka.Chifukwa chodulira mphero chikhoza kukhudzidwa ndi kugwedezeka, chodulira mphero chiyeneranso kukhala cholimba kuti chisakhale chophweka kuchipu ndi chip.
2. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga odula mphero
(1) Chitsulo chachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri (chotchedwa chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, zitsulo zam'tsogolo, ndi zina zotero), zogawanika kukhala zitsulo zamagulu ambiri komanso zapadera.Lili ndi izi:
a.Zomwe zili mu alloying element tungsten, chromium, molybdenum ndi vanadium ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo kuuma kozimitsa kumatha kufika HRC62-70.Pa kutentha kwa 6000C, imatha kukhalabe yolimba kwambiri.
b.M'mphepete mwake muli mphamvu zabwino komanso zolimba, kukana kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida mwachangu kwambiri.Kwa zida zamakina zosalimba, zodulira zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zimatha kudulidwa bwino
c.Kuchita bwino kwa njira, kupanga, kukonza ndi kunola ndizosavuta, ndipo zida zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta zimathanso kupangidwa.
d.Poyerekeza ndi cemented carbide zipangizo, akadali ndi kuipa kwa m'munsi kuuma, osauka red kuuma ndi kuvala kukana.
+Zofunika zake zazikulu ndi izi:
Imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri, ndipo imatha kukhalabe ndi ntchito yabwino yodulira pafupifupi 800-10000C.Podula, liwiro lodula limatha kukhala nthawi 4-8 kuposa chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri.Kuuma kwakukulu kutentha kutentha ndi kukana kwabwino kuvala.Mphamvu yopindika ndi yotsika, kulimba kwake kumakhala kocheperako, ndipo tsamba silosavuta kunola.
Ma carbides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
① Tungsten-cobalt simenti carbide (YG)
Magiredi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri a YG3, YG6, YG8, pomwe manambala amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa cobalt, kuchuluka kwa cobalt, kulimba kwabwinoko, kumathandizira kwambiri komanso kukana kugwedezeka, koma kumachepetsa kuuma komanso kukana kuvala.Choncho, aloyi ndi oyenera kudula chitsulo choponyedwa ndi zitsulo sanali achitsulo, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kudula akhakula ndi oumitsa zitsulo ndi mbali zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi kukhudza kwambiri.
② Titanium-cobalt simenti carbide (YT)
Magiredi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi YT5, YT15, YT30, ndipo manambala akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa titanium carbide.Pambuyo pa simenti ya carbide ili ndi titaniyamu carbide, imatha kuonjezera kutentha kwachitsulo, kuchepetsa kugundana, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono kuuma ndi kukana kuvala, koma kumachepetsa mphamvu yopindika ndi kulimba ndikupangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zowonongeka.Choncho, ma aloyi a Kalasi ndi oyenera kudula zitsulo.
③ General simenti carbide
Onjezani kuchuluka koyenera kwa carbides osowa zitsulo, monga tantalum carbide ndi niobium carbide, pamwamba pa ma aloyi awiri olimba kuti ayeretse mbewu zawo ndikuwongolera kutentha kwawo ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kukana kuvala, kutentha kolumikizana ndi kukana makutidwe ndi okosijeni, Itha kuwonjezera kulimba. wa aloyi.Chifukwa chake, mtundu uwu wa mpeni wa simenti wa carbide umakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ambiri komanso kusinthasintha.Mitundu yake ndi: YW1, YW2 ndi YA6, etc., chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera mtengo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazinthu zovuta Zopangira, monga zitsulo zolimba kwambiri, zitsulo zosagwira kutentha, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero.
3. Mitundu ya ocheka mphero
(1) Malinga ndi zida za gawo lodula la wodula mphero:
a.Wodula zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri: Mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito podula zovuta kwambiri.
b.Odula mphero za Carbide: nthawi zambiri amawotcherera kapena amangiriridwa ndi makina ocheka.
(2) Malinga ndi cholinga cha wodula mphero:
a.Odula mphero pokonza ndege: odula ma cylindrical mphero, odulira mphero, ndi zina zambiri.
b.Odulira mphero pokonza ma grooves (kapena matebulo): mphero, odulira ma disc, odula masamba, ndi zina zambiri.
c.Odulira mphero zokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera: kupanga odula mphero, ndi zina.
(3) Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mphero
a.Wodula dzino lakuthwa: Mawonekedwe odulidwa a dzino kumbuyo ndi owongoka kapena osweka, osavuta kupanga ndikunola, ndipo m'mphepete mwake ndi chakuthwa.
b.Wodula dzino mphero: mawonekedwe odulidwa a dzino kumbuyo ndi Archimedes spiral.Pambuyo kunola, bola ngati angatenge ngodya akadali zosasinthika, dzino mbiri sasintha, amene ali oyenera kupanga mphero odula.
4. Waukulu geometric magawo ndi ntchito za mphero wodula
(1) Dzina la gawo lililonse la wodula mphero
① Ndege yoyambira: Ndege yomwe imadutsa pamalo aliwonse pachodulira komanso molunjika pa liwiro lodulira pomwepa
② Kudula ndege: ndege yodutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi perpendicular kwa ndege yoyambira.
③ Rake nkhope: ndege yomwe tchipisi zimatuluka.
④ Mphepete mwa nyanja: pamwamba pomwe pali makina
(2) Mbali yayikulu ya geometric ndi ntchito ya cylindrical milling cutter
① Rake angle γ0: Mbali yophatikizidwira pakati pa nkhope yowotcha ndi pansi.Ntchitoyi ndikupangitsa kuti m'mphepete mwake mukhale wakuthwa, kuchepetsa kusinthika kwachitsulo panthawi yodula, ndikutulutsa tchipisi mosavuta, motero kupulumutsa ntchito yodula.
② Relief angle α0: Mbali yophatikizika pakati pa mbali yakumbali ndi ndege yodula.Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kukangana pakati pa nkhope yakumbali ndi ndege yodulira ndikuchepetsa kuuma kwapamwamba kwa workpiece.
③ Swivel angle 0: Ngodya pakati pa tangent pa tsamba la helical dzino ndi axis ya chodula mphero.Ntchitoyo ndikupangitsa mano odulira pang'onopang'ono adulidwe ndi kutali ndi chogwirira ntchito, ndikuwongolera bata.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kwa ocheka mphero za cylindrical, zimakhalanso ndi zotsatira zopangira tchipisi kuti tituluke bwino kuchokera kumapeto.
(3) Mbali yayikulu ya geometric ndi ntchito ya mphero yomaliza
Mphero yomaliza ili ndi gawo lina lachiwiri lodulira, kotero kuwonjezera pa ngodya ya kangaude ndi mbali ya chithandizo, pali:
① Entering angle Kr: Mbali yophatikizika pakati pa mphepete yayikulu ndi malo opangidwa ndi makina.Kusintha kumakhudza kutalika kwa chigawo chachikulu chodula kutenga nawo mbali mu kudula, ndikusintha m'lifupi ndi makulidwe a chip.
② Ngodya yachiwiri yokhotakhota Krˊ: Mbali yophatikizika pakati pa m'mphepete mwachiwiri ndi malo opangidwa ndi makina.Ntchitoyi ndi kuchepetsa mkangano pakati pa chigawo chachiwiri chodula ndi malo opangidwa ndi makina, ndikukhudzanso kudulidwa kwa m'mphepete mwachiwiri pamtunda wopangidwa ndi makina.
③ Mawonekedwe a tsamba λs: Kuphatikizika kophatikizika pakati pa tsinde lalikulu ndi pansi.Makamaka kusewera oblique tsamba kudula.
5. Kupanga wodula
Chodulira mphero ndi chodula chapadera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pamwamba.Mbiri yake ya tsamba iyenera kupangidwa ndikuwerengedwa molingana ndi mbiri ya workpiece yomwe imayenera kukonzedwa.Imatha kukonza mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pamakina opangira mphero, kuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwewo ndi ofanana, komanso kuti magwiridwe ake ndi apamwamba., Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga batch ndi kupanga misa.
(1) Kupanga zodulira mphero zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mano osongoka ndi mano opumira
Kupukuta ndi kupukutanso kwa dzino lakuthwa kupanga chodula kumafuna mbuye wapadera, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kupanga ndi kukulitsa.Dzino kumbuyo kwa fosholo dzino mbiri mphero wodula amapangidwa ndi fosholo ndi fosholo akupera pa fosholo dzino lathe.Nkhope yokhayo ndi yomwe imanoledwa pogayanso.Chifukwa nkhope yake ndi yathyathyathya, ndiyosavuta kuyinola.Pakali pano, kupanga mphero wodula makamaka ntchito fosholo Dzino kumbuyo dongosolo.Dzino lakumbuyo kwa dzino lothandizira liyenera kukwaniritsa zinthu ziwiri: ①Mawonekedwe a m'mphepete mwake amakhala osasinthika atatha kupukuta;②Pezani mbali yofunikira yothandizira.
(2) Kupindika kwa mano kumbuyo ndi kufanana
Mapeto gawo perpendicular kwa axis wa mphero wodula wapangidwa kudzera mfundo iliyonse pa kudula m'mphepete mwa mphero wodula.Mzere wa mphambano pakati pa izo ndi dzino kumbuyo pamwamba amatchedwa dzino kumbuyo pamapindikira a mphero wodula.
Dzino mmbuyo pamapindikira ayenera makamaka kukumana zinthu ziwiri: mmodzi ndi kuti mpumulo ngodya wa mphero wodula pambuyo aliyense regrind kwenikweni zosasintha;ina ndi yosavuta kupanga.
Njira yokhayo yomwe ingakhutitse mbali yovomerezeka yokhazikika ndi logarithmic spiral, koma ndizovuta kupanga.The Archimedes spiral imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira kuti mbali yololeza isasinthe, ndipo ndiyosavuta kupanga komanso yosavuta kuzindikira.Chifukwa chake, Archimedes spiral imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ngati mbiri ya tsinde lakumbuyo la mphero.
Kuchokera ku chidziwitso cha geometry, vesi la vector ρ mtengo wa mfundo iliyonse pa Archimedes spiral ukuwonjezeka kapena kutsika molingana ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa ngodya yotembenuka θ ya vesi la vector.
Chifukwa chake, bola ngati kuphatikizika kwakuyenda mozungulira kozungulira komanso kusuntha kosalekeza kozungulira motsatira njira yozungulira, Archimedes spiral imatha kupezeka.
Amawonetsedwa m'malo ozungulira polar: pamene θ=00, ρ=R, (R ndi utali wozungulira wa chodulira mphero), pamene θ>00, ρ
Equation wamba wammbuyo wa chodula mphero ndi: ρ=R-CQ
Poganiza kuti tsambalo silikubwerera, ndiye kuti nthawi iliyonse wodula mphero atembenuza ngodya ya inter-tooth ε = 2π/z, kuchuluka kwa dzino kwa tsamba ndi K. Kuti agwirizane ndi izi, kukwera kwa cam kuyeneranso kukhala K. Kuti tsambalo liziyenda mwachangu, pamapindikira pa cam's spiral, Archimedes spiral, kotero ndi yosavuta kupanga.Kuonjezera apo, kukula kwa kamera kumangotsimikiziridwa ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa fosholo, ndipo alibe chochita ndi chiwerengero cha mano ndi mbali yovomerezeka ya wodula awiri.Malingana ngati kupanga ndi kugulitsa kuli kofanana, cam ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ponseponse.Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ma spirals a Archimedes amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo opumira a mano omwe amapanga odula mphero.
Pamene radius R ya chodula mphero ndi kuchuluka kwa K zimadziwika, C ikhoza kupezeka:
Pamene θ=2π/z, ρ=RK
Kenako RK=R-2πC /z ∴ C = Kz/2π
6. Zochitika zomwe zidzachitika pambuyo poti wodula mphero wadutsa
(1) Tikatengera mawonekedwe a tchipisi, tchipisi timakhala tokhuthala komanso tofota.Pamene kutentha kwa tchipisi kumakwera, mtundu wa tchipisi umakhala wofiirira ndikusuta.
(2) Kuuma kwa malo okonzedwa a workpiece ndi osauka kwambiri, ndipo pali mawanga owala pamwamba pa workpiece ndi gnawing marks kapena ripples.
(3) Mpheroyo imatulutsa kunjenjemera koopsa komanso phokoso lachilendo.
(4) Tikatengera mawonekedwe a m’mphepete mwa mpeniwo, m’mphepete mwa mpeni muli timadontho tonyezimira toyera.
(5) Pogwiritsa ntchito simenti zodulira mphero za carbide pogaya zitsulo, nkhungu yochuluka yamoto nthawi zambiri imatuluka.
(6) Zigawo zachitsulo zogaya zokhala ndi zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri, monga kuthira mafuta ndi kuziziritsa, zimatulutsa utsi wambiri.
Pamene chodula mphero sichidutsa, muyenera kuyimitsa ndikuyang'ana kuvala kwa chodulira mphero mu nthawi.Ngati kuvala kuli kocheperako, mutha kunola m'mphepete mwake ndi mwala wamafuta ndikuugwiritsa ntchito;ngati kuvala kuli kolemetsa, muyenera kuchinola kuti musavulale kwambiri mphero.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-23-2021